Strength Training & Biomechanics Glossary
Comprehensive encyclopedia of evidence-based fitness metrics, lifting coefficient formulas, autoregulation protocols, and sports science terminology.
1RM / One-Rep Max
The maximum absolute weight a lifter can move for a single repetition with complete range of motion and standard technical execution.
Estimated 1RM (e1RM)
A mathematical calculation predicting maximal single-rep capacity derived from submaximal sets and repetitions to avoid central nervous system fatigue.
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
A standardized 1-to-10 subjective scale quantifying set intensity based on proximity to muscular failure and reps remaining in reserve.
Reps in Reserve (RIR)
An intensity management metric defining the exact number of additional complete repetitions a lifter could perform before reaching technical failure.
Progressive Overload
The foundational biological principle requiring the gradual, systematic increase of physiological stress on muscle tissue to drive ongoing adaptations in strength and size.
Relative Strength
The quantitative ratio of absolute load lifted in proportion to a lifter's scale bodyweight, governing gymnastics, calisthenics, and bodyweight-normalized athletic power.
Wilks Score (2020 Updated)
A 5th-order polynomial mathematical coefficient used to standardize and compare powerlifting totals across different bodyweight classes and genders.
DOTS Score
The modern 4th-order polynomial coefficient system used by major raw powerlifting federations to evaluate pound-for-pound strength with zero middleweight bias.
IPF GL Points
The official scoring coefficient introduced in 2020 by the International Powerlifting Federation utilizing exponential decay curves across raw and equipped divisions.
Strength Index
A holistic 0-to-100 composite physical score evaluating multi-planar neuromuscular strength balance across squatting, pressing, hinging, and pulling movement patterns.
Compound Lift
A multi-joint kinetic exercise that simultaneously recruits multiple large muscle groups and articulates across two or more joint axes under load.
Isolation Exercise
A single-joint targeted resistance exercise designed to direct mechanical tension onto an isolated muscle belly while minimizing systemic fatigue.
Strength Percentile
A demographic-adjusted statistical ranking quantifying what percentage of an age-, gender-, and weight-matched lifting population you out-perform.
Muscle Hypertrophy
The biological enlargement of skeletal muscle tissue driven by mechanical tension, myofibrillar protein accretion, and satellite cell donation.
Periodization
The strategic long-term cyclical structuring of training phases, manipulating volume and intensity to maximize peak strength while preventing overtraining.